'Vietnam: a country, not a war' is the famous association that the Government would prefer as they continue their appeal to the tourist market. But Vietnam is a country that was at war for so long and with so many countries; Cambodia, France, China and the US to name a few, that the two are synonomous. Sadly but inevitably, the wars have made the country, the people, the legends and the culture.
We knew little of the American war in Vietnam, only that America attacked North Vietnam in collusion with the non-communist South Vietnam to stamp out the spread of communism in Asia. What we learnt was that it obviously didn't matter to the US that the South Vietnamese Government was horribly corrupt anyway and perhaps weren't a viable option to govern a united Vietnam. Instead of tackling the problem by helping to stabalise the existing South Vietnamese Government and employing diplomacy with the North to argue against communism, they attacked North Vietnam. Over a period of five years, America dropped 1.2million tonnes of bombs a year, for good measure, an additional five million tonnes of Agent Orange to destroy fertility of land, which has since demonstrated it's connection to deformities and cancer in generations to follow. Decimating areas with Nepalm that burns between 800-1200 degrees centigrade inflicted further horrors on both land and people alike. Ironically, the weapons that America deployed in such quantity and with such devasting effects are the pretext they used for invading Iraq.
In a political move to align themselves with the US, ANZAC troops (Australia and New Zealand) joined in the fighting but are alledged to have treated the communists of the North with compassion, responding by educating to stop communism at source. A sharp contrast to the 'fight now and talk later' approach that the American administration employ time and time again.
The war remnant museum was shocking. One of the rooms displayed photographs taken by war correspondants - many who ultimately paid with the loss of their life to deliver such vivid reports of the war. The most shocking? An image of an American solider holding the decapitated head of a Vietnamese man and laughing. An image of one of the only female war photographers boarding an aircraft and then pictured dying in a ditch after an attack. Massacred families and terrified Prisoners of war. The photographs shared such violence, documented such acts of terror and captured so much that many made very difficult viewing, A second room showed the effects of NePalm (the infamous 'girl in the picture' running for her life after being horribly burnt and which generated such international horror) and photographs of the gross deformities of the victims of Agent Orange. The malformed feotuses preserved in jars made us sick to our stomachs that this war could have taken place. Of course, the museum did not document the atrocities commited by the communists against the Americans and South Vietnamese as the communist government of Vietnam would never allow that, but our experience at Chu Chi tunnels, 70km outside Ho Chi Minh did to an extent.
The undergroud network of 250km tunnels ranging from 3-10metres beneath ground and stretching to the Cambodian border, was the base for the Communists (or Viet Cong as they became known) fighting in South Vietnam. The resilient Viet Congs lived in the tunnels

even housing hospitals, kitchens and meeting rooms below ground and however much America bombed the area, the tunnels were so far beneath they largely remained preserved. But the price that the Viet Cong paid was huge. We went through the tunnels only for 30 metres and it felt like an eternity. The tunnels are very small and we had to crawl through on our hands and knees (the average Viet Cong was only 5ft 5in) and it was utterly pitch black. Beth found herself panicing badly in such an enclosed space, trapped in small musty tunnels with no light and no end in sight. The thought of the Viet Congs living beneath ground for ten years was incredible enough but the really frightening thought was what the Viet Cong feared more on the outside that was more frightening than living underground for a decade. saw the communists based in South Vietnam wage guerilla warfare on the Americans.
We couldn't help but feel sorry for the American 'tunnel rats' who were sent in to the tunnels to scout around. Their fear and panic at such containment must have been terryfying but falling on sharpened bamboo doused in cobra venom then dying alone in such conditions does not bear thinking about. The Americans were out-witted, out-maneorved and out-of-their-depth with the guerilla tactics employed by the Viet Cong inlcuding turning unexploded bombs into landmines and shrapnel from the bombs into horrific booby traps that created terrible injuries to the S.Vietnamese army and the Americans.

To finish our 'tour' we were taken to a shooting range where Steve and Will had a go at shooting rifles and handguns. The noise was louder than anything we had ever heard and it didn't seem right that we had been taken there after seeing what damage these weapons can inflict.
One of the saddest sights of the day was a photograph of the communist Government awarding the Viet Congs with medals for being 'great American killers'. We lost some faith in human nature that day. So now the communist regime holds Vietnam after America negotiated it's way out of the war it had waged which makes the war in Vietnam even more pointless than war already is - with or without the benefit of hindsight.
* 'The Girl in the Picture' is a great book to read for a run down on the war in Vietnam and how the history interacts with communism around the globe. Kim Phuc's story is both horrifying and heart-warming.